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Germanium (Ge) is an increasingly important element used in critical technologies for communication, defense, and computing. However, Ge is scarce, and there is no United States (U.S.) primary production. Additionally, the environmental behavior of Ge is poorly understood. Germanium does not generally form its own minerals, but is instead recovered as a byproduct of zinc mining or of coal fly ash. It has been deemed critical by the U.S. and globally, and investigations of its geologic concentration, environmental fate and transport, and potential for recovery are crucial for maintaining a sustainable supply. A relevant study site to explore questions of environmental behavior and the potential to recover...
These data represent the air-free pH and specific conductance per pore volume of effluent generated by the phosphate removal column experiment. Solid samples used for the columns are of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA.
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, mine waste, and water samples collected from the Balkhab copper deposit, Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan in 2020.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Afghanistan,
Mineral Resources,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
environmental chemistry,
geochemistry
These data represent the major, minor, and trace element compositions of effluent water samples generated by column experiments of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana. Details of the column experiments may be reviewed in the journal article listed in the cross-reference section of this data release titled, "Geochemical Characterization of Iron and Steel Slag and Its Potential to Remove Phosphate and Neutralize Acid".
Germanium (Ge) is an element deemed critical globally, and used in electronics, communication, and defense applications. The supply of Ge is limited and as demand for it increases, its criticality increases. Germanium is exclusively recovered as a byproduct of either coal mining or zinc (Zn) mining, and the main mineral hosting Ge in Zn deposits is sphalerite (ZnS). However, the mechanisms of Ge enrichment in sphalerite during mineral deposit formation are poorly understood. Therefore, investigations on the mechanisms controlling geologic enrichment of Ge in ores is crucial for maintaining a sustainable supply. For this study, we used a combination of techniques including optical and electron microscopy, synchrotron-based...
Electron microprobe analyses of sphalerite (ZnS) and hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O) from sampled historical waste piles were conducted with a specific focus on germanium (Ge). In mine wastes at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma, USA, Ge is associated with ZnS (sphalerite) as expected, but weathering in the waste piles has led to a significant amount of Ge being incorporated into a zinc-silicate, hemimorphite. Data and methods reported are part of a research study published here: White, S.J.O., Piatak, N.M., McAleer, R.J., Hayes. S.M., Seal, R.R. II, Schaider, L.A., Shine, J.P. Germanium redistribution during weathering of Zn mine wastes: implications for environmental mobility and recovery of a critical...
These data represent the acid neutralization potential and grain size analysis of 13 samples, 2 duplicate samples, of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA.
Oxidation state and bonding environment of Ge and Cu in ZnS and Zn mineral concentrates from a variety of sources [Central Tennessee mining district (TN), Metaline mining district, (WA), and Red Dog mine (AK)] were determined by linear combination fits from x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis. Sphalerites from the East Tennessee mining district contained Ge in concentrations that were too low to generate a X-ray absorption spectra with an edge step. When applicable, Ge content in quartz was determined using XAS edge steps. Data and methods reported are part of a research study published in the 'Related External Resources' section below.
Mineral abundances within bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from sampled historical waste piles from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma, U.S.A., were determined by Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Data and methods reported are part of a research study published here: White, S.J.O., Piatak, N.M., McAleer, R.J., Hayes. S.M., Seal, R.R. II, Schaider, L.A., Shine, J.P. Germanium redistribution during weathering of Zn mine wastes: implications for environmental mobility and recovery of a critical minerals, Applied Geochemistry, p. 105341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Germanium,
Hemimorphite,
Mine Wastes,
Mineral Resources,
Oklahoma,
These data represent the major, minor, and trace element compositions of laboratory generated leachates of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA using USEPA method 1312 Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure.
Elemental concentrations for bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from sampled historical waste piles from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma, U.S. were determined after dissolution via acid digests or a sodium peroxide fusion. Elemental concentrations were determined for the leachate from a simulated rainwater leach of mine wastes. Data and methods reported are part of a research study published here: White, S.J.O., Piatak, N.M., McAleer, R.J., Hayes. S.M., Seal, R.R. II, Schaider, L.A., Shine, J.P. Germanium redistribution during weathering of Zn mine wastes: implications for environmental mobility and recovery of a critical mineral
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, soil, sediment, and water samples collected from the Nuqra Khana iron deposit, Panjshir Province, Afghanistan in 2020.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Afghanistan,
Mineral Resources,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
environmental chemistry,
geochemistry
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, mine waste, soil, sediment, and water samples collected from the Balkhab copper deposit, Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan in 2019.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Afghanistan,
Geochemistry,
Mineral Resources,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
environmental chemistry,
These data represent the phosphate removal capacity of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA, based on batch leaching experiments. Also included are major, minor, and trace element compositions of the leachates along with associated water parameters pH, specific conductivity, and alkalinity. Details of the batch experiments may be reviewed in the journal article listed in the cross-reference section of this data release titled, "Geochemical Characterization of Iron and Steel Slag and Its Potential to Remove Phosphate and Neutralize Acid".
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, mine waste, sediment, soil, and water samples collected from the Hajigak iron deposit, Bamyan and Wardak Provinces, Afghanistan in 2019.
Oxidation state and bonding environment of Ge in minerals within mine waste from sampled historical waste piles from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma, U.S. were determined by linear combination fits from x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis. Ge content in quartz within these wastes was determined using XANES edge steps, and Ge content in sphalerite was compared using XANES edge steps versus electron microprobe analyses. Data and methods reported are part of a research study published here: White, S.J.O., Piatak, N.M., McAleer, R.J., Hayes. S.M., Seal, R.R. II, Schaider, L.A., Shine, J.P. Germanium redistribution during weathering of Zn mine wastes: implications for environmental mobility...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Germanium,
Hemimorphite,
Mine Wastes,
Mineral Resources,
Oklahoma,
Steelmaking slag from near Chicago, USA, may be a viable option for treating phosphate-rich or acidic waters. Iron and steel slags from legacy and modern operations in the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA, are predominantly composed of Ca, Fe, and Si, with generally lesser amounts of Al, Mg, and Mn. Simulated weathering tests suggest that potentially deleterious elements such as Cr and Mn, present in significant concentrations in some samples, are generally hosted in insoluble phases making use in water treatment applications possible. However, generation of high pH and alkaline solutions may be an issue. Batch and flow-through column experiments document effective removal of phosphate from synthetic...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)
Electron microprobe analyses of sphalerite (ZnS) were collected on samples from current or past mining operations in the USA with a specific focus on germanium (Ge), a byproduct critical mineral recovered from sphalerite. Data and methods reported are part of a research study published in the 'Related External Resources' section below.
These data include geochemical analyses of rock, mine waste, sediment, and soil samples collected from the Aynak copper deposit, Logar Province, Afghanistan in 2019. In addition, these data ​include geochemical analyses of water samples collected from the Aynak copper deposit, Logar Province, Afghanistan in 2019.
These data represent the major, minor, and trace element compositions of modern and legacy iron and steel slag from the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana, USA.
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