Folders: ROOT > ScienceBase Catalog > National and Regional Climate Adaptation Science Centers > Pacific Islands CASC > FY 2019 Projects ( Show direct descendants )
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ROOT _ScienceBase Catalog __National and Regional Climate Adaptation Science Centers ___Pacific Islands CASC ____FY 2019 Projects
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The mangrove forests across the Federated States of Micronesia provide critical resources and contribute to climate resilience. Locally, mangrove forests provide habitat for fish and wildlife, timber, and other cultural resources. Mangrove forests also protect Micronesian communities from tropical cyclones and tsunamis, providing a buffer against powerful waves and winds. Mangrove forests in Micronesia can store 700–1,800 metric tons of carbon per hectare (Donato and others, 2011), contributing to the estimated 5–10 billion metric tons of carbon stored by mangroves around the world (Alongi, 2018). This carbon storage is essential for global climate resilience. Mangrove forests and the benefits these ecosystems...
Aim To provide the first regional analysis of contemporary drivers of Pacific Island fire regimes. Location Islands of Palau, Yap, Guam, Rota, Tinian, Saipan, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae. Time Period 1950-present. Methods We used land cover, soil maps and contemporary fire histories to (1) describe the relationships among fire activity, vegetation, rainfall and island geography and population; (2) examine the spatial associations of forest and savanna vegetation with respect to fire and soil types; and (3) link fire and savanna distribution to intra-annual and inter-annual rainfall variability. Results Savanna extent was positively correlated with island age and the range of mean monthly rainfall. The percent of area...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
This product provides a metric of percentage increase in the number of fires expected per year under various climate change scenarios in both the dry and wet season compared to a 1996-2016 baseline at a per-pixel basis for the main Hawaiian Islands (excluding Niʻihau) at 30 m x 30 m resolution. Future climate scenarios include statistically and dynamically downscaled RCP 8.5 in the year 2100 in addition to statistically downscaled RCP 8.5 in the year 2050. This is a modeled data product trained using historical fire perimeters, ignition density, mean annual temperature, mean annual soil moisture, historical rainfall data , and remotely sensed vegetation cover.
The Pacific Ocean is home to a number of low-lying, coastal national parks and wildlife refuges. These public lands are situated on coral reef-lined islands that are susceptible to inundation from sea-level rise and flooding during storms. Because of their low-lying nature and limited availability of space, ecosystems, cultural resources, and infrastructure on these islands are particularly vulnerable to flooding. Sea-level rise will further exacerbate the impact of storms on island parks and refuges by increasing wave-driven coastal flooding, with consequences for ecological and human communities alike. However, most assessments of future conditions at coastal national parks and refuges consider only permanent...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2019,
CASC,
Completed,
Data Visualization & Tools,
Data Visualization & Tools,
This project aimed to identify non-native plants in Hawai‘i that are likely to pose a high wildfire risk now or in the future, and to create resources useful to conservation and fire managers in Hawai‘i regarding wildfire risk and highly flammable non-native and invasive plant species. To do this, a screening tool was developed to assess wildfire risk of any introduced plant in Hawai‘i, and wildfire risk scores were generated for over 360 plant species that have been introduced to Hawai‘i. To identify new plant introductions that may pose high wildfire risk in the future, botanical surveys were conducted across the Hawaiian Islands, and the distribution of fire-promoting species (principally grasses) were mapped,...
Visualize the extent of sea-level rise in Pu‘uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park as if you are at the controls of your own helicopter! Sea Level Rise AR Visualizer uses augmented reality (AR) technology to create a virtual model of Pu‘uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park and allows you to explore how sea level rise will affect this important site in Hawaiian culture and history. This app was created by scientists at the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center (UHSLC) and funded by the USGS-DOI Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center (PI-CASC). The app is based on digital elevations and imagery produce by scientists at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal National Elevation Database...
This data release provides flooding extent polygons and flood depth rasters (geotiffs) based on sea-level rise and wave-driven total water levels for the coast of the most populated Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands. Oceanographic, coastal engineering, ecologic, and geospatial data and tools were combined to evaluate the increased risks of storm-induced coastal flooding due to climate change and sea-level rise. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flooding due to waves and storm surge at 10 square meter resolution along these islands’ coastlines for annual (1-year), 20-year, and 100-year return-interval storm events and +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m sea-level...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: CMHRP,
Climate Change,
Coastal Processes,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
Earth sciences,
Key Points Coastal flooding during storms negatively impacts access, infrastructure, and natural, cultural, and historical resources in parks. Coastal flooding is expected to become more frequent and more damaging in the future, because of rising seas and changes in the paths and intensities of storms. As sea levels rise, waves will break closer to shore and run-up will reach farther inland, increasing flood risk. On average, 0.25 meter (10 inches) of sea-level rise will double tropical storm flooding in parks.
Mangrove forests are likely vulnerable to accelerating sea-level rise; however, we lack the tools necessary to understand their future resilience. On the Pacific island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, mangroves are habitat to endangered species and provide critical ecosystem services that support local communities. We developed a generalizable modeling framework for mangroves that accounts for species interactions and the belowground processes that dictate soil elevation. The modeling framework was calibrated with extensive field datasets, including accretion rates derived from thirty 1-meter-deep soil cores dated with lead-210, more than 300 forest inventory plots, water-level monitoring, and differential...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
This product used species distribution modeling (SDM) to model the geographic distribution fire promoting grasses across the islands of Hawaii under both current climate conditions and under future climate change scenarios (RCP 8.5 at year 2100). The RCP 8.5 scenario assumes unmitigated and continued release of greenhouse grasses and continued human population growth. Six species of well established and widely distributed grasses (Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), Cenchrus ciliaris (buffelgrass), Cenchrus setaceus (fountain grass), Megathyrus maximus (guinea grass, Urochloa maxima, Pancicum maximum), Melinis minutiflora (mollasses grass), and Schizachyrium microstachyum (formerly referred to as S. condensatum...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Hawaii,
Species distribution modeling,
biota,
climate change,
fire,
This product provides a metric of per-pixel fire risk for the main Hawaiian Islands (excluding Niʻihau) at 30 m x 30 m resolution. The product provides raw values of annual fire probability for the whole year, dry season and wet season as well as binned categorical fire risk values (Low, Moderate, High, Very High) for the same time frames. Categorical thresholds for fire risk are derived from probabilities observed at the time of historical fires in each county. This is a modeled data product trained using historical fire perimeters, ignition density, mean annual temperature, mean annual soil moisture, historical rainfall data , and remotely sensed vegetation cover.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Hawaii,
environment,
fire probability,
fire risk,
fuels,
Previous research identified species of invasive plants in Hawai'i which are highly flammable and act as fuels in wildfires across Hawai'i. This work aimed to map the distribution of these species (largely grasses) around the islands of Hawai'i with the goal of using the locations for species distribution modeling. All data represents presence data, no absence data were recorded. Data are largely from within the past 20 years, but some georeferenced herbarium specimens go as far back as 1905. Data were obtained from georeferenced herbarium specimens, vegetation plot data, citizen science data (iNaturalist) reviewed by the authors, and data from roadside surveys conducted as part of this research to map these species....
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Hawaii,
biota,
gorse,
grass,
herbarium,
The threat of rising sea levels to island communities is well known. However, sea-level rise projections are often depicted in ways that are not intuitive or directly applicable to community members and resource managers who most need the information. Scientific information about sea-level rise needs to be presented in a way that effectively communicates the very real risk posed to coastal communities, infrastructure, and cultural assets. This project builds upon data developed through previous USGS Pacific Islands CASC work. It goes beyond simple sea-level rise visualizations and leverages the ever-growing computational power of modern smart devices to provide interactive and immersive outreach materials through...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2019,
CASC,
Completed,
Data Visualization & Tools,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Sea-level rise will eventually flood and kill many coastal mangrove trees. The loss of mangrove forests will strongly affect human populations on isolated western Pacific islands as they rely heavily on mangroves for food, such as fish, shrimp, and crabs; building materials; and fire wood. Mangroves also shelter coastal communities from the impacts of tsunamis and cyclones, are home to endangered species such as the Yapese monarch and flying fox, and remove and store CO2 from the atmosphere. In the past, mangroves have adjusted to sea-level rise through tree root growth and the accumulation of sediments from rivers and oceans, processes which allow them to maintain their forest floor elevation relative to sea level....
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2019,
CASC,
Completed,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
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