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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Miami Conservancy District, Dayton, Ohio, in 2019 and 2020 investigated the concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related water chemistry in groundwater from the Great Miami buried-valley aquifer (GM-BVA) of southwestern Ohio. Data in this release include groundwater parameters, including groundwater level, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and specific conductance, collected during the 2019-2020 water sampling and comparison data from prior, 1999-2000 sampling of the same wells. The 23 wells used for sampling were identified and sampled previously by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program, starting in 1999,...
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board collected produced water and gas samples in the Oxnard Oil Field in Ventura County in August 2018 and the Placerita Oil Field in Los Angeles County in December 2018. Sampled sites included oil wells; injectate from tanks, pipelines, and injection wells where produced water from many wells, after removal of oil, is stored or transported prior to underground injection; and integrated produced water from many oil wells collected from pipelines before oil removal. This digital dataset contains the site information, analyzing laboratories and methods, and water and gas chemistry and quality-control results for these...
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Data provided here describe the contribution of up to 7 different water sources to the major ion geochemistry of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California State Water Resources Control Board Division of Drinking Water (CA-DDW) groundwater samples within the Indio Subbasin of the Coachella Valley, California. The Inverse Geochemical Modeling was performed in the USGS's PHREEQC ver. 3 program and the results are discussed in the associated publication of Harkness and others (2023). Datasets include the major ion chemistry and model input parameters of 1593 samples included in the analysis, the median model results for each sample, and a data dictionary describing the tables. Analyses completed as part of this assessment...
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This data release contains oil well annular cement and casing damage data from parts of the South Belridge and Lost Hills Oil Fields in western Kern County, California. The study area coincides with where groundwater with less than 10,000 milligrams per liter total dissolved solids and outside an exempt aquifer are located overlying oil-producing zones in these fields. In the study areas, hydraulic fracturing is occurring in mature oil fields where oil and gas development has occurred for approximately a century. The data were compiled from records of the California Department of Conservation, Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM). The data compiled include construction information for oil wells, drilling...
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Due to declining water levels and increasing salinity in the Salton Sea which may increase the hazards to wildlife, the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation are re-evaluating selenium concentrations in the region. As part of this work, selenium concentrations in water and sediment samples and selected other inorganic constituents were compiled from published reports, public databases, and unpublished archives into a tabulated spreadsheet. This spreadsheet represents a rapid synthesis of available data on selenium concentrations in water and sediment in the region surrounding the Salton Sea, however it does not include all data ever published in the region. Additionally, the data compilation was...
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This data release contains site information and potential explanatory factor data for 1,899 groundwater sites. These sites were used to assess groundwater quality in aquifers used for domestic and public drinking water supply in the southeastern San Joaquin Valley. The southeastern San Joaquin Valley (SESJV) study unit consists of five study areas whose boundaries are defined by the eponymous California Department of Water Resources groundwater subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley groundwater basin: Madera-Chowchilla, Kings, Kaweah, Tule, and Tulare Lake. The sites consist of 198 wells representing the domestic-supply aquifer and 1,701 wells representing the public-supply aquifer. The domestic-supply aquifer wells...
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Data were collected at 19 groundwater monitoring wells and 3 surface water locations across McHenry County, Illinois, in 2020 by staff from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Central Midwest Water Science Center. Quality control samples (2 blanks and 1 replicate) were also collected to assess data reliability and precision. Samples were submitted to the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado, and analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances in late 2022 and results provided in April of 2023. PFAS were detected in 16 of the 19 groundwater monitoring wells and in all 3 surface water sites sampled.
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Groundwater is a vital resource in the Mississippi embayment of the central United States. An innovative approach using machine learning (ML) was employed to predict groundwater salinity—including specific conductance (SC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and chloride (Cl) concentrations—across three drinking-water aquifers of the Mississippi embayment. A ML approach was used because it accommodates a large and diverse set of explanatory variables, does not assume monotonic relations between predictors and response data, and results can be extrapolated to areas of the aquifer not sampled. These aspects of ML allowed potential drivers and sources of high salinity water that have been hypothesized in other studies to...
Dispersive transport of groundwater solutes was investigated as part of a multispecies reactive tracer test conducted under spatially variable chemical conditions in an unconfined, sewage-contaminated sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Transport of the nonreactive tracer bromide (Br) reflected physical and hydrologic processes. Transport of the reactive tracer nickel (Ni) complexed with an organic ligand (NiEDTA) varied in response to pH and other chemical conditions within the aquifer. A loss of about 14% of the Ni mass was calculated from the distribution of tracers through time. This loss is consistent with reversible adsorption of NiEDTA onto the iron and aluminum oxyhydroxide coatings on the...
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Groundwater is a vital resource to the Mississippi embayment region of the central United States. Regional and integrated assessments of water availability that link physical flow models and water quality in principal aquifer systems provide context for the long-term availability of these water resources. An innovative approach using machine learning was employed to predict groundwater pH across drinking water aquifers of the Mississippi embayment. The region includes two principal regional aquifer systems; the Mississippi River Valley alluvial (MRVA) aquifer and the Mississippi embayment aquifer system that includes several regional aquifers and confining units. Based on the distribution of groundwater use for...
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This version supersedes the previous version of this data release: Trost, J.J., Krall, A.L., Baedecker, M., Cozzarelli, I.M., Herkelrath, W.N., Jaeschke, J.B., and Bekins, B.A., 2018, Historical data sets including inorganic and organic chemistry of water, oil, and sediments, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and sediment grain size distribution at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, 1984-2010 (ver. 2.0, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J101NV. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release provides data from samples and measurements completed at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation...
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The Captain Jack Superfund site near Ward, Colorado hosts extensive interconnected underground mine workings, which drain via the Big Five Adit. Drainage from the adit has historically been acidic with elevated concentrations of metals. In 2018 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) utilized a subsurface remediation strategy consisting of the installation of a hydraulic bulkhead within the workings to preclude drainage out of the mine. To understand the processes occurring during water impoundment within the mine workings, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with EPA, completed water-quality sampling and analysis during 2020 as water was impounded within the mine workings. The USGS sampling...
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This Data release presents results for pesticide constituents in 460 samples collected from domestic and public-supply wells in August 2013-May 2018 for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP). The samples were analyzed for 225 pesticide constituents on USGS National Water Quality Laboratory analytical schedule 2437. Results from quality-control samples collected with the environmental samples and results from laboratory quality-control samples were used to re-process the data to meet project data-quality objectives. The data release includes the final approved results tabulated by result and by sample, the original and final values for results affected...
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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health, conducted a study to determine the occurrence of unregulated contaminants in source and finished drinking waters throughout Minnesota. Minnesota relies on both groundwater and surface water sources for drinking water, which may be vulnerable to influences such as wastewater discharge and/or agricultural activities. Thus, drinking water facilities apply some form of treatment to source waters prior to distribution. Although drinking water treatment is mostly focused on satisfying regulatory requirements, it may provide secondary benefits for removal of unregulated contaminants. In 2019, 2021, and 2022, paired source and finished drinking...
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This data release presents results of chemical analyses of groundwater sampled during summer and autumn of 2019 and spring of 2020 from 23 wells in the Great Miami buried-valley aquifer (GM-BVA) of southwestern Ohio. Groundwater and quality-control samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of selected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Groundwater and related quality-control samples were collected from 22 of 23 wells and analyzed for 24 different PFAS by two different laboratories that used slightly different proprietary isotope-dilution based adaptations of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method 537.1, referred to as method 1 and method 2. Results from PFAS analysis of groundwater...
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From July through December 2016, 56 environmental samples were collected from the Mohawk and Western New York River Basins. Samples were collected from nine production wells and 13 domestic wells in the Mohawk River Basin, and 17 production wells and 17 domestic wells in the Western New York River Basins. Samples were collected and processed using standard USGS methods and analyzed for 320 constituents including physicochemical properties, dissolved gases, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, and indicator bacteria. Analytical methods are described and referenced in Gaige and others (2023). Five of the Mohawk River Basin wells (HE 622, HE 624, OE1468, SA1501,...
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A series of three-dimensional, hypothetical, groundwater models (MODFLOW-NWT) were developed to investigate the effects of a variety of factors on the flow of arsenic-containing water into a well. The well is of novel design with a constructed aquifer providing storage. The models simulate a hillslope with till overlying a fractured bedrock aquifer as is common in New England. Backwards particle tracking using MODPATH was used to track the particles from the constructed aquifer to the recharge location. A new program, EndPoint Analyzer, was used to determine the fraction of the flow that passed through the bedrock. The bedrock is assumed to be the source of arsenic contamination so the fraction of the flow passing...
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The California State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) initiated the Oil and Gas Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) to assess effects of oil and gas development on groundwater designated for any beneficial use. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the technical lead in conducting the RMP through the California Oil, Gas, and Groundwater (COGG) Program, working in cooperation with the State Water Board, and in partnership with other State and local agencies. The USGS collected and analyzed groundwater for the Placerita Oil Field study area, the area within the Placerita Oil Field administrative boundary and the surrounding three-mile buffer zone in Los Angeles County, California. Sixteen groundwater...
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This dataset contains measurements of dissolved hydrocarbons in from groundwater samples collected in the shale gas producing regions of West Virginia, USA, between June and August of 2018. The target analytes in this study were: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethene (C2H4), ethyne (C2H2), propane (C3H8), propene (C3H6), i-butane (C4H10), n-butane (C4H10), 1-butene (C4H8), propyne (C3H4), i-pentane (C5H12), n-pentane (C5H12), 2-methyl-pentane (C6H14), 3-methyl-pentane (C6H14), hexane (C6H14), and benzene (C6H6). This dataset also contains corresponding measurements of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Sulfurhexafluoride (SF6), dissolved permanent gases (N2/Ar), tritium, the isotope ratio of helium dissolved in water, the...
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The objective of this study is to delineate areas of primary groundwater recharge for the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee aquifers in New Hanover County in order to determine the susceptibility of the local drinking-water aquifers. Areas of high susceptibility would coincide with groundwater recharge areas, likely where the Castle Hayne and Peedee aquifers are unconfined and directly connected with shallow surficial sands, as well as developed coastal areas prone to saltwater intrusion. Determining areas of groundwater recharge is a complex task, as many hydrologic and geologic factors must be considered, including precipitation and evapotranspiration rates, soil depth and drainage, landscape topography, and...