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Estimation of irrigation water use provides essential information for the management and conservation of agricultural water resources. The blue water evapotranspiration (BWET) raster dataset at 30-meter resolution is created to estimate agricultural irrigation water consumption. The dataset contains seasonal total (1 May to 30 September) BWET time series (1986 – 2020) for the croplands across the U.S. High Plains aquifer region. The BWET estimates are generated by integrating an energy-balance ET model (Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance model) and a water-balance ET model (Vegetation ET model). BWET in croplands reflects crop consumptive use of irrigation water extracted from surface water and groundwater...
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Climate change over the past century has altered vegetation community composition and species distributions across rangelands in the western United States. The scale and magnitude of climatic influences are largely unknown. We used fractional component cover data for rangeland functional groups and weather data from the 1985 to 2023 reference period in conjunction with soils and topography data to develop empirical models describing the spatio-temporal variation in component cover. To investigate the ramifications of future change across the western US, we extended models based on historical relationships over the reference period to model landscape effects based on future weather conditions from two emissions scenarios...
Tags: AB, AZ, Alberta, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, All tags...
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These datasets provide early estimates of 2024 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from April to late June. Typically, the EAG estimates are publicly released within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains five fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) Field Brome (Bromus arvensis); 4) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 5) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory,...
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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across the western U.S. using Landsat imagery from 1985-2021. The RCMAP product suite consists of nine fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub, and tree, in addition to the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. First, we have trained time-series predictions directly from 331 high-resolution sites collected from 2013-2018 from Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) instead of using the 2016 “base” map as an intermediary....
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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Rangelands have immense inherent spatial and temporal variability, yet assessments of land condition and trends are often assessed relative to the condition of a limited number of representative points. Ecological Potential (EP) data are spatially comprehensive, quantitative, and needed as a baseline for comparison of current rangeland vegetation conditions, trends, and management targets. We define EP as the potential fractional cover of vegetation components bare ground, herbaceous, litter, shrub, and sagebrush represented in the least disturbed and most productive portion of the western U.S. This dataset enables: 1) setting realistic expectations for restoration and management targets at 30-meter resolution,...
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The data are a long-term (1980-present), daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration, covering the globe at a spatial resolution of 0.625° Longitude x 0.5° Latitude. Reference evapotranspiration is a measure of evaporative demand, or the "thirst of the atmosphere", basically how much moisture from the surface could evaporate into overpassing air, assuming (i) that enough water is available to evaporate and (ii) the surface is covered with a specific reference crop that completely shades the ground (some other conditions also apply). For this dataset, reference evapotranspiration is derived from the daily implementation of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration equation (Monteith, 1965) as codified...
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The USGS RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) project has worked with BLM scientists and land managers to develop actionable remote-sensing based vegetation classifications. RCMAP quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across the western U.S. using Landsat imagery from 1985-2024. The RCMAP product suite consists of ten fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub, shrub height, and tree, in addition to the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. The mapping area included eight regions which were subsequently...
LANDFIRE (LF) 2014 incorporates landscape change and disturbances, such as wildland fire, fuel and vegetation treatments, insects and disease, storm damage, and invasive plants that occurred in 2013 and 2014. This update includes: responses to vegetation successional change in forested types revisions to address discrepancies between map products and known field conditions The LF 2014 update also: supports wildland fire and natural resource management, planning, research, analysis, and assessments uses Landsat imagery, point, and polygon data 2013-2014 incorporates new or updated institutional data sources changes data only where vegetation changed due to successional change or disturbance updates fuel products...
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The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) over 2 million square kilometers. This data release contains raster datasets for vegetation and water monitoring including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landscape Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (L-WRSI), and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) for selected locations and precipitation (dekadal (10-day) sum) for the entire RMI from 2017-2022. These data were compiled to support a 2022-2023 U.S. Geological Survey project for developing methods to apply...
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The LCNext project has combined concepts and methodology from the legacy LCMAP and NLCD projects, along with modern deep learning convolutional neural networks, to produce promising prototypes of next generation land cover products. The new land cover algorithm will serve as the new baseline for USGS land cover production. NLCD 2023 is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science initiative implemented at the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center that harnesses the remotely sensed Landsat data record to provide state-of-the-art land surface change information needed by scientists, resource managers, and decision-makers. NLCD 2023 uses a modernized, integrated approach to map, monitor, synthesize, and...
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The need to monitor change in sagebrush steppe is urgent due to the increasing impacts of climate change, shifting fire regimes, and management practices on ecosystem health. Remote sensing provides a cost-effective and reliable method for monitoring change through time and attributing changes to drivers. We report an automated method of mapping rangeland fractional component cover over a large portion of the Northern Great Basin, USA, from 1986 to 2016 using a dense Landsat imagery time series. 2012 was excluded from the time-series due to a lack of quality imagery. Our method improved upon the traditional change vector method by considering the legacy of change at each pixel. We evaluate cover trends stratified...
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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The various post-fire data products available on the Burn Severity Portal are produced using satellite imagery. The timing of the satellite imagery used, relative to the fire event, typically depends on the vegetation type and structure where the fire occurred. Each mapping program produces a suite of data products based on user intended user needs. For more information about each of the programs, please refer to each area individually. Requests are made for burn severity assessments through an agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be completed by analysts with the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Program. The MTBS Program assesses the frequency, extent, and magnitude (size and severity) of...
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U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists conducted field data collection efforts between October 25th and 31st, 2020 at several sites in eastern Iowa using high accuracy surveying technologies. The work was initiated as an effort to validate commercially acquired topographic light detection and ranging (lidar) data that was collected between December 7th, 2019 and November 19th, 2020 using wide area mapping lidar systems for the USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP). The goal was to compare and validate the airborne lidar data to topographic, structural, and infrastructural data collected through more traditional means (e.g., Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) surveying). Evaluating these data will provide valuable...
Tags: 3D Elevation Program, 3DEP, ALS, Airborne Laser Scanning, Airborne Lidar, All tags...
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Climate change over the past century has altered vegetation community composition and species distributions across rangelands in the western United States. The scale and magnitude of climatic influences are largely unknown. While a number of studies have projected the impacts of climate change using several modeling approaches, none has evaluated impacts to fractional component cover at a 30-m resolution across rangelands of the Western U.S. We used fractional component cover data for rangeland functional groups and weather data from the 1985 to 2021 reference period in conjunction with soils and topography data to develop empirical models describing the spatio-temporal variation in component cover. To investigate...
Tags: AZ, Arizona, Arizona Plateau, Black Hills, Blue Mountains, All tags...
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Agriculture consumes the largest share of freshwater globally, therefore, distinguishing between rainfed and irrigated croplands is essential for agricultural water management and food security. Yet in Africa, disaggregating croplands is challenging due to the continent's vast size, diverse climates, and varied agricultural practices. In this study, a framework using the Budyko model was applied to differentiate between rainfed and irrigated cropland areas in Africa for eight remote sensing landcover products and a high confidence cropland map (HCCM). The approach outlined in this research expands on the suite of remote sensing landcover products that can be used for agricultural water studies in Africa by enabling...
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The data set includes the daily streamflow predictions from (Long Short-Term Memory) LSTM models for 45 basins (27 basins in New England region and 18 basins in Great Basin region) in contrasting hydroclimate regions (water-limited Great Basin region and energy-limited New England region) in the United States. Also, the shapefiles of study basins and hydroclimate regions, and data to support the statistical results, figures, and tables are included.
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Landsat Extended Acquisitions of the Poles (LEAP) imaging plan is a Landsat special request data collection program for Earth's polar regions that include Antarctica, Greenland, and Arctic sea ice geographies. The LEAP program includes Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 observatories that operationally acquire spaceborne images of all Earth's land surface and near-shore coastal environments. These images are acquired on a Worldwide Reference System-2, also called WRS-2. The WRS-2 is made up of paths and rows that define Landsat's imaged geography, and once acquired, are processed and discoverable in the U.S. Geological Survey's Landsat global data archive. The LEAP path-rows listed in the attached zipped data file represent...
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Phenological dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems reflect the response of the Earth's vegetation canopy to changes in climate and hydrology and are thus important to monitor operationally. The Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) phenology in the western U.S. rangeland based on 30m near seamless Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) weekly composites between 2016 and 2021 (Dahal et al., 2022) were processed using these 3 methods: (1) NDVI threshold-based method, (2) manual phenological metrics, and (3) modeling and mapping. The EAG phenology model produced two metrics identifying the sustainable growth characteristics of 16 EAG species throughout level III Commission for Environmental...
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This dataset, VegDischarge v1, represents a significant contribution to the understanding of hydrological dynamics across Africa from 2000 to 2021. It encompasses high-resolution (1km x 1km) monthly raster data of deep drainage, surface runoff, and total runoff, derived from the VegET (VegetationEvapoTranspiration) hydrological model (Senay et al., 2023). Additionally, routed discharge data (Mizukami et al., 2021) for over 63,000 river segments is provided, employing different routing algorithms (DW, KW, KWT, MC, and IRF) to demonstrate variability in river discharge patterns. This comprehensive dataset is stored in NetCDF and Shapefile formats, offering valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers...
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Scientists and engineers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) Cal/Val Center of Excellence (ECCOE) collected in situ measurements using field spectrometers to support the validation of surface reflectance products derived from Earth observing remote sensing imagery. Data provided in this data release were collected during selected Earth observing satellite overpasses and tests during the months of May through November 2021. These data were collected at six field sites during 2021. These field sites included South Dakota State University (SDSU) Research Park in Brookings, SD, near the Brookings Airport in Brookings, SD, a private land holding in Sanborn County,...


map background search result map search result map Remote Sensing Shrub/Grass National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Back-in-Time (BIT) Products for the Western U.S., 1985 - 2018 Ecological Potential Fractional Component Cover Based on Long-Term Satellite Observations Across the Western United States Exotic annual grass (EAG) phenology estimates in the western U.S. rangelands based on 30-m HLS NDVI (ver. 2.0, April 2024) ECCOE 2021 Surface Reflectance Validation Dataset Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity and Burn Severity Portal – a clearing house of fire severity and extent information Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2021 Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Vegetation and Water Monitoring Datasets for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands from 2017-2022 Rainfed and Irrigated Cropland Areas for Africa Projections of Rangeland Fractional Component Cover Across Western US Rangelands for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 Scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s Time-Periods Global reference evapotranspiration for food-security monitoring (ver. 2.1, April 2024) 2019 Eastern Iowa Topographic Lidar Validation – USGS Field Survey Data Streamflow Predictions (2006-2014) from LSTM Models in Water- and Energy-limited Regions in the United States Hydrologic gridded runoff and routed discharge data for Africa from 2000-2021 Seasonal Blue Water Evapotranspiration 1986 – 2020 for the Croplands in the High Plains Aquifer Region Projections of Rangeland Fractional Component Cover Across Western Northern American Rangelands for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 Scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s Time-Periods Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2024 Vegetation and Water Monitoring Datasets for selected locations in the Republic of the Marshall Islands from 2017-2022 Seasonal Blue Water Evapotranspiration 1986 – 2020 for the Croplands in the High Plains Aquifer Region ECCOE 2021 Surface Reflectance Validation Dataset Exotic annual grass (EAG) phenology estimates in the western U.S. rangelands based on 30-m HLS NDVI (ver. 2.0, April 2024) Early Estimates of Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) in the Sagebrush Biome, USA, 2024 Projections of Rangeland Fractional Component Cover Across Western Northern American Rangelands for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 Scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s Time-Periods Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Fractional Component Time-Series Across the Western U.S. 1985-2021 Projections of Rangeland Fractional Component Cover Across Western US Rangelands for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 Scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s Time-Periods Remote Sensing Shrub/Grass National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Back-in-Time (BIT) Products for the Western U.S., 1985 - 2018 Ecological Potential Fractional Component Cover Based on Long-Term Satellite Observations Across the Western United States Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection (RCMAP) Streamflow Predictions (2006-2014) from LSTM Models in Water- and Energy-limited Regions in the United States Rainfed and Irrigated Cropland Areas for Africa Hydrologic gridded runoff and routed discharge data for Africa from 2000-2021 Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity and Burn Severity Portal – a clearing house of fire severity and extent information Global reference evapotranspiration for food-security monitoring (ver. 2.1, April 2024)